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Orange coneflower (aka, Sullivant's coneflower) is a short sunflower (1.5-2.5') similar to black-eyed susan but the stems are green (not red) and are sparsely (rather than very) hairy with pronounced grooves; overall orange sunflower is less hairy than black-eyed susan. The stem leaves are alternate, about twice as long as wide, up to 5" long but decreasing in size and becoming narrower up the stem; they have toothed margins, taper to a short, winged petiole (lacking in black-eyed susan), and have three main veins (one central and two submarginal). The petioles are either sessile or clasp the stem. The flowerheads are 2-3" across, produced on the apex of the stems; each flowerhead has 10-20 yellow or orange (sterile) ray florets with the petal tips notched; the numerous (50 to over 500) disk florets are tubular and dark brownish-purple with five small lobes around their upper rim and a divided style. Petals that are yellow-colored often have orange bases. This species can be highly variable.

Rudbeckia

Rudbeckia fulgida

orange coneflower [Blooms: Jul-Aug]

Black-eyed susan flowerheads are 2-3" across; they have two series (outer longer than inner) of numerous slender, sharply-pointed, green bracts beneath the flowerhead, each densely covered with long, stiff hairs; 8-20 (usually less than 12) yellow-orange, sterile ray florets (rarely with a maroon patch near the base of the petal); and 250 to over 500 dark purplish-brown disk florets, each with slender, sharply pointed styles. The fruit consists of numerous four-sided brown or black seeds that remain embedded in the remnants of the disc flowers (a gumdrop shaped, brown mass).

Rudbeckia

Rudbeckia hirta

black-eyed susan [Blooms: Jun-Oct]

Cutleaf coneflower (aka, green-headed coneflower) is an imposing tallgrass prairie plant, 3-8' tall, that can form dense stands. The composite flowerheads are 2-3" across. Eight to fifteen light green, oblong bracts lie beneath a central globe-like, light green to yellow cone surrounded by 6-12 yellow, drooping, sterile ray florets. The disk florets have yellow to yellowish green corollas and a protruding bifurcated stigma; the stamens are yellow, fused to the base of the corolla, with deep purple anthers attached around the styles side-by-side. Immature disk florets are green (thus the alternative common name); mature disk florets produce a spikey appearance. The disk florets mature from the bottom of the cone to the top, lending a pincushion-like appearance to the cone.

Rudbeckia

Rudbeckia laciniata

cutleaf coneflower [Blooms: Jul-Sep]

Sweet coneflower flowerheads are 2-3.5" across, occurring as single blooms on the tips of stems or branches. A flowerhead is comprised of numerous 1/2" long medium green, lance-shaped phyllaries, downy with short hairs; 10-20 bright yellow, oblong, sterile ray florets with a tiny notch at their tips; and a deep brown hemisphere of 200-400 disk florets (the central disc). The disk florets have a tubular, dark reddish-purple corolla; bifurcated stigmas that have sharp tips; with the purplish-brown anthers adhering side by side around the deep purple styles. Sweet coneflower is distinctive among the Jackson Park coneflowers with its chocolate brown disk and bright yellow, elongate-oval petals with a shallow notch at their tips.

Rudbeckia

Rudbeckia subtomentosa

sweet coneflower [Blooms: Jul-Aug]

Brown-eyed susan is a native bushy plant that branches at the leaf axils and produces prodigious numbers of small flowers, up to 5' tall. The stems are deep reddish brown and covered with long white hairs. The leaves are alternate, twice as long as wide, lance-shaped, up to 4" long and covered by short, stiff hairs that give it a rough texture. Some lower leaves are three-lobed, sometimes deeply, and halberd- or trident-shaped. Upper stems terminate in one or two flowerheads, 1-2" across. Each flowerhead has an underlying inner and outer series of eight (total) green bracts with hairs along the margins; 6-13 golden-yellow, sterile ray florets, often with a small notch in the tips of the oval petals; and a central cone of 150 to over 300 purplish-brown, cylindrical disc florets with five stamens and short, blunt, bifurcated stigma. If in doubt, brown-eyed susan tends to be taller than black-eyed susan, with fewer petals (6-13 vs. 8-20) and smaller flowers.

Rudbeckia

Rudbeckia triloba

brown-eyed susan [Blooms: Jun-Sep]