Welcome to the Plant Finder

The plants presented here are not a comprehensive list of the plants in Jackson Park (although I’m trying). There is a particular emphasis on flowering plants, but I’ve given short shrift to most grasses and trees (both of which I find a challenge); I working hard to rectify that bias. I’ve deliberately not included the plants in Osaka (AKA, Japanese) Garden; that locale is too actively curated by the Park District and doesn’t reflect the more natural process ongoing in the rest of Jackson Park. The plant descriptions were compiled primarily from Illinois Wildflowers, Minnesota Wildflowers, and Missouriplants.com with details from Flora of North America and a variety of other sites. Errors are almost certainly attributable to me. Click on any thumbnail to go to a page with more information (and more images) on that species. The blooming times given here and on the species pages are the months I have observed that species in bloom in Jackson Park and should not be assumed to be true for other geographic areas. If you encounter an unfamiliar word in the text of the species descriptions, click the “Glossary” button at the top of the page to look up the offending term. On a smart phone, click the drop-down menu at top left, click the arrow by “Discover” and then choose “Glossary.”

All images on this website were shot in Jackson Park, most using a Nikon D780 camera and a 55 mm Micro Nikkor lens but a few using a 105 mm Micro Nikkor lens. Most images were shot in natural light. In a few cases I used a Nikon SS-400 flash for fill light. Images were processed in various versions of Adobe Photoshop to adjust color balance, exposure, contrast, and lighting. Other than occasional removal of dust specs on the image sensor, no other components of the pictures were manipulated.

Filtered (11)
Sharp-lobed hepatica is an early-blooming, woodland wildflower with distinctive 3-lobed, superficially palmate, variegated basal leaves on long petioles. The flowers are 1" across, borne on naked, reddish, hairy stalks ~4" long. Flowers consists of 5-11 (typically 6) blue, white, or lavender, oblong petals (actually, sepals), copious white stamens, and numerous green carpels; behind the flower are 3 reddish, hairy bracts shorter than the petals. ITIS considers Hepatica acutiloba a junior synonym of Anemone acutiloba; the USDA Plants Database, IUCN Red List, and NatureServe Explorer considers H. acutiloba as a junior synonym of Hepatica nobilis. All agree it is "sharplobed hepatica." The roundlobed hepatica (which is either a variety of sharplobed hepatica or a separate species, depending on which authority you prefer) is identical except that the lobes on the leaves are smoothly rounded.

Anemone

Anemone acutiloba

sharp-lobed hepatica [Blooms: Apr]

Wild hyacinth flowers have six slender, light blue to white tepals, six stamens with yellow anthers, and a slender style emerging from a green, egg-shaped ovary; the style has tripartite tip. The flowers are each supported by a slender pedicel. Wild hyacinth is very similar to prairie hyacinth (Camassia angusta), but the latter blooms later, is much less common, has thread-like bracts beneath each flower pedicel, 4-5 thread-like bracts on the flower stalk beneath the flowers, and differ (mostly) in details of the seed capsule. Prairie hyacinth has not yet been found in Jackson Park.

Camassia

Camassia scilloides

wild hyacinth [Blooms: May-Jun]

Glory-of-the-snow produces a flower stalk 6-12" tall, topped by a one-sided raceme of 4-10 upward-facing flowers. Individual flowers are 1/2-3/4" wide and have six pastel violet-blue tepals with white bases; the bases of the stamens are flattened and form a palisade around the middle of the flower. ITIS shows Chionodoxa forbesii as the accepted name; World Flora Online accepts Scilla forbesii.

Chionodoxa

Chionodoxa forbesii

glory-of-the-snow [Blooms: Mar-Apr]

Spring crocus (Crocus vernus) is native to alpine regions of Europe, but widely escaped from domestic gardens in the U.S. Given its early blooming and short duration, it probably qualifies as a "spring ephemeral." The plant is short (4-6") but blooms before most other plants emerge. the leaves are 3-6" long and less than 1/4" wide, dark green with a distinctive silver-white medial stripe. Flowers are up to 6" tall, bell-shaped, 1-1.5" wide with six white to purple tepals in two overlapping whorls of three; the stamens are white with long yellow or orange anthers, the styles are yellow-orange, three-lobed, with a fringe of narrow processes. You'll know it when you see it.

Crocus

Crocus vernus

spring crocus [Blooms: Mar-Apr]

Iris virginica is the typical "blue flag" iris; it is an impressive plant 2-3' tall that prefers wetlands and shallow water. Each flower is 3-4" across consisting of: (1) three sepals (the "falls") that whose ends droop, each with a conspicuous bright-yellow spot (the "signal") and blue lines lead from the edges of the sepal into the signal; (2) directly above the sepals are three blue-violet petal-like style branches (the "style arms") with upturned tips (the "style crests") (the stigma, where pollen is captured, is located at the fold between the style arms and crests); and, (3) between the sepals are three petals with dark purple veins (the "standards") that rise up above the plane of the sepals and style branches. A green, ovoid ovary occurs at the base of the sepals and petals. The stamens are located under the style arms. The seed capsules are three-lobed, elongate ovals 2-3" long that contain seeds that float on the water when released. Blue flag iris (Iris virginica) is native to Illinois and Missouri, but it is sometimes confused with the very similar Iris versicolor; however, the Illinois Department of Natural History does not recognize Iris versicolor as occurring in Illinois. (It is present in Wisconsin and Minnesota.)

Iris

Iris virginica

blue flag iris [Blooms: May-Jun]

Grape hyacinth was introduced from Europe as a garden plant. The unbranched flowering scapes are green towards the base, purplish near the flowers, reaching maximum heights of 12". The leaves are all basal, 4-10" long, 3-8 mm wide, flat, hairless, and erect. The inflorescence is a terminal raceme on the scape. Individual flowers are drooping, urn-shaped with three blue sepals and three blue petals fused along their edges nearly to their tips where there are six small, rounded lobes. There are six stamens with purple anthers and a green ovary with a single style terminating in a three-lobed stigma; all are hidden well within the mouth of the urn. The fruits are three-lobed capsules, about 5 mm long and wide.

Muscari

Muscari botryoides

grape hyacinth [Blooms: Apr]

triped squill is another early spring wildflower native to western Asia and the Caucasus; it tends to grow in clumps of plants 4-6" across. There are (only) two dark green, basal, hairless leaves up to 6" long and ~1/2" wide that widen towards their tips; the margins are smooth. A cluster (raceme) of 3-6 flowers are present on a stalk ("scape") 4-8" tall; overall, the cluster and scape resemble the related wild hyacinths. Each flower has six white tepals with a medial blue stripe. The filaments of the six stamens are flattened and fused together to form a white central, lobed, hollow cone that surrounds the style; the anthers are yellow and lie just inside the tip of the cone. This plant is one of the earliest to bloom in the spring in Jackson Park, but goes dormant in the late spring, basically biding its time until the next year. It prefers moist, well-drained soils.

Puschkinia

Puschkinia scilloides

striped squill [Blooms: Mar-Apr]

Alpine squill is a 4-8" tall early spring plant, native to Eurasia. Alpine squill has two (rarely three or four) 3-6" long, narrow, curved, fleshy leaves. One to six red-brown, hairless, leafless flower stalks arise from between the basal leaves; each stalk supports 2-10 deep blue, erect flowers less than 1/2" across on individual, hairless pedicels. The basal leaves clasp the flower stalks up to about half their length. Each flower faces upwards (unlike Scilla siberica), has six spreading tepals, six stamens with dark blue anthers, and a single pistil. The stamens are distinctive in that the filaments are flattened along the flower's radial axis and taper distally; from the side they look like isosceles triangles with the anthers on their tips. Alpine squill contains cardiac glycosides; all parts of the plant are highly toxic.

Scilla

Scilla bifolia

alpine squill [Blooms: Mar-Apr]

Siberian squill is another of the early spring ephemerals native to the Caucasus and west Asia that has been wildly successful in northern Illinois and parts of Minnesota, displacing native species. Its leaves are restricted to a basal set of 2-3 leaves about 5" long and 1/4-1/2" wide, linear with a blunt tip, a shiny green surface, and smooth margins. The leaves tend to roll inward along their margins with the curl increasing towards the tip of the leaf. One or more purplish-green, 6" tall flower stalks arise from the center of the ring of basal leaves with single (rarely two or three) blue, nodding flowers on each stalk, suspended from a slender pedicel that arises directly from the unbranched flower stalks. Each flower is about 1" across with six flaring blue (rarely, white) tepals (each typically with a dark blue line down the middle), six white stamens with dark blue anthers, and a single green pistil with an undivided blue style. Siberian squill can be confused with alpine squill (Scilla bifolia), but in alpine squill the flowers face laterally or upwards rather than drooping like Siberian squill, and the flower stalks are distinctly red-brown (rather than brownish green) and branched rather than supporting flowers with a simple pedicel. Despite the common name, Siberian squill is not native to Siberia; it is native to a broad swath of western Europe from Turkey through the Caucasus and southwestern Russia. Sources differ on whether Siberian squill is toxic but note that it is avoided by vertebrate herbivores; proceed with caution.

Scilla

Scilla siberica

Siberian squill [Blooms: Mar-Apr]

White blue-eyed grass is a native perennial, 6-12" tall with a tuft of basal leaves and flowering stalks that are grass-like (if you squint). The basal leaves are green, 1/8" across, and strap-like; they are shorter than the flowering stalks. The flowering stalks are weakly winged and have a pair of sessile spathes (bracts sheltering the inflorescence) at their tips. The spathes consist of a pair of 1" long reddish or light brownish green bracts backed by a 3" long leafy bract; an umbel of up to six flowers arises between the bracts but only one or two flowers are in bloom at any given time. Each flower is only about 1/2" across and is supported by a 1/2" long pedicel. The flower consists of six white or pale blue tepals with a yellow patch at their bases and narrow, dagger-like tips; a column of yellow or orange-yellow stamens fused along their length almost to the anthers; and a globoid, green ovary covered with fine hairs and sporting a style with three slender lobes. Fertilized flowers produce a ridged, globoid seed capsule, initially green but turning tan to brown as it matures.

Sisyrinchium

Sisyrinchium albidum

white blue-eyed grass [Blooms: May-?]

Common blue violet flowers are 3/4-1" across with the calyx formed from five elongate oval, dark green sepals with a pointed tip, five petals (two upper, two lateral petals with white hairs ("beards") that occlude the throat of the flower, and one lower petal with a white patch and superimposed dark blue lines near the throat). The lower petal has a pouch (the "spur") that extends backwards past the base of the sepals; the spur houses the ovary, single style, and stigma (positioned just behind the petal beards) and, more posteriorly, the nectary. The two stamens surround the ovary and can't be seen without dissecting the flower. Flower color may range from deep violet to white with a purple center, all fading to pale yellow in the center. The fruit is a bullet-shaped capsule 1/4-1/2" long that is nestled in the calyx with the remnant of the style at its tip, initially green but turning brown as it matures; it ultimately splits along three suture lines to fling the approximately 75 seeds, beige or bronze in color, 1.5-2.5 mm long, away from the plant. Much of the reproduction occurs from vegetative clones produced from the rhizomes. Common blue violet prefers light sun or partial shade and a rich soil.

Viola

Viola sororia

common blue violet [Blooms: Apr-May]