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Green ash is dioecius; each tree produces only either male (staminate) or female (pistillate) flowers (which are wind pollinated). The flowers open in mid-spring, before the leaves emerge. Male flowers are produced in compact clusters that envelop short sections of the second-year twigs. Each staminate flower is yellowish green to greenish purple and less than 1/8" (3 mm) across, consisting of a tiny, four-lobed, tubular calyx and a pair of purplish stamens. Petals are absent. Female flowers are also produced on the second-year twigs, in this case in small panicles. Each female flower consists of a tiny four-lobed, tubular calyx and a pistil with a single, long style; again, petals are absent. Fertilized flowers are replaced by panicles of drooping, spatula-shaped, winged seeds 1-2.5" long and 1/4-1/3" wide that have an ellipsoid swelling at one end containing the seed and a single elongated, membranous wing with a rounded or notched tip. When released in the autumn, the greenish to tan fruits spin around the seed, reducing their rate of fall so they can be carried greater distances by the ambient wind. Green ash is tolerant of shading so can grow in mature forests; it prefers moist soils and can tolerate some flooding.

Fraxinus

Fraxinus pennsylvanica

green ash [Blooms: May?]